The Strategic Importance of the Bab al-Mandab and the Impact of the International Military Presence on the Future of the South

Search Index:

1. Introduction
2. The importance of the strait, Bab al-Mandeb.
3. Historic view.
4. The military presence in the region is in the current situation.
5. The Al-Aqsa flood, the Israeli war of extermination in Gaza, and possible variables.
6. All of this affected the southern issue.
7. Conclusion. (Conclusion).
8. References

Introduction

Most of the 22 Arab countries, if there was an application of the mind, I would have said and you, O reader and listener, would have said the great Arab country, if there was even a partial realization of the mind, the Yemeni unity would not have turned from a hope for construction and decent living to mechanisms for producing destructive wars that produce the world's greatest tragedies and live on subsistence, not only that, but if there was an implementation of the mind, it would not have been based on that urgent form to lead to this deadly fate.

Considering that research centers and studies with their various specializations and mechanisms in research such as conducting research and studies, holding conferences, workshops, scientific seminars, etc. It comes at the top of the means and methods of the realization of the mind, those mechanisms that usually come out with intellectual juice that works to help the realization of the minds of decision-makers to make decisions based on sound scientific foundations and at least the levels of correctness rise and their mistakes are reduced, and this is what we see and wish in the leadership of the Transitional Council by following this approach, which will not be limited to this scientific effectiveness and thus enjoy peoples in stability and progress by preventing crises from small to large and on top of them Sedition and wars first, second, third, etc. We have large surpluses that have affected and infect the world around us and around those around us.

Provided that the outputs of research and studies receive their way to the minds of decision-makers, whether through direct attendance at scientific events or accurate access to the outputs or summaries, not satisfied with recommendations or suggestions, or allocating time to discuss the most important of them, at least with researchers, even quickly, as well as publishing the outputs in books and their summaries in attractive booklets and on the Internet. Not finally, the formation of a group to follow up the implementation of the outputs should start by reminding and writing about them, what has been implemented and what has not been implemented, the demands for implementation, etc. The important thing is that decision-makers and decision-makers rely on this sound scientific approach followed by developed countries and peoples.

My admiration and approval for such an event made me agree without thinking about the consequences, such as the seriousness and importance of the topic and the effort required to prepare the research or intervention on the basis of useful acronym.

But the importance and danger made me the most tricks to make an effort to prepare a brief material that may raise questions and brainstorm the group that leads to the right answers The goal of the workshop.

Bab al-Mandeb is the most important global straits:

Bab al-Mandab linguistically:

It is not the task of this intervention to define language, as there is no doubt that it is the focus of attention of the rest of the participants specialized in this event, but what prompted me to do so are those definitions contained in many or less all the references that were written about Bab al-Mandab in all respects from geographical location to ancient history to contemporary, which agreed on the most important definition, which is that Bab al-Mandab means "scarring the dead, that is, their obituary because of the danger it poses to maritime navigation, as those who pass through its doors are exposed to This is why the people who went from their relatives lamented alive because they were sure that whoever went through this strait was no longer food, that is, became food for fish.

If so, he protected himself, lost his importance, but the worst is the definition that the Arabs used to curse the Africans, and the families of the captives followed them to weep for those who were lost on its shores! If so, where is the importance? Or say that it is gone with the advancement of maritime transport and navigation.

At the same time, definitions were received that are closer to validity but overlooked, such as the definition of the historian Mutahar Al-Eryani through the interpretation of the word ""Al-Mandab as Obour", through...

In terms of context, we cannot define the delegate alone without the word door and it has many meanings, including the entrance and exit of the house and what the parents and exits block it, this is consistent with the definition of the historian Mutahar Al-Eryani and others.

One example of their current use is the closure of negotiations. (meaning the Houthis), the war is at the gates (so beware of the Houthis...) The open-door policy, that is, the policy that depends on the abolition of restrictions, that is, it is a political method based on dialogue and non-confrontation. (The definition speaks of the transition and is consistent with its domestic and foreign policies hopefully...).

Scars... In the sense of a quick bow arrow.... And here he approaches the meaning of the speed of crossing.

The woman scarred. It became scars, i.e., light, a cautious Najiba. And here he approaches meanings such as lightness of passage while being careful of others. Etc.

Delegate - The State has delegated or delegated its delegate to a designated regional or international grouping. One person represents a great country, for example, or a large area with a large population, for example. etc. expresses lightness and speed.

Scarring in the sense of jazz and through, and this is the closest to health. Any transit door.

I have chosen what I believe is the most correct and the most logical, but at the same time optimistic in a time when there is little.

On the importance of Bab al-Mandab:

Bab al-Mandab has great importance in various respects, some of which serve strategically, military, political and economic since ancient history for its important location in this simple, which made it control movement as a gateway between East and West, if we know the presence of more than a hundred straits, most of which are less important than the Mandab Crossing Gate for a reason, if a circle is drawn on the world map with its center Al-Mandeb, we find it expanding to include Europe, Asia, Australia and even the eastern coasts of North America.

Therefore, the conflict over the Strait of Bab al-Mandab is as old as human civilizations if we recall the first pharaonic campaigns 2743, 2731 BC and the second 1500, 1479 BC and with them the campaigns of the Greeks during the years 1980, 1935 BC, up to the period of the Islamic call 641 AD when the Caliph with a strategic military thought and inspiration Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, sent an Islamic naval force to the strait to secure it.

The conflict over the Bab al-Mandab Strait in the colonial era:

As the human ages progress and the competition between empires and states for influence increases, the importance of Bab al-Mandab militarily in order to obtain economic gains increases, even if it wears the dress of religion, for example Portuguese colonialism, when the King of Portugal sent a naval force to the Red Sea, which crossed the Bab al-Mandab "notice crossed" to Aden to implement the objectives of the campaign set by his king to spread Christianity and obtain the wealth of the East, note that the first goal is to spread Christianity and with the continuation and repetition of those Portuguese campaigns and their concentration in The gate of transit in 1502 AD and its wandering in the coasts of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden with brute force until the year 1622 AD did not wipe one, but wiped the wealth of the region.

The competition between the colonial powers: Portugal, the Dutch, the Ottomans, the Spaniards, the Italians, the French and the British intensified on the areas of the Red Sea shores by focusing on Bab al-Mandab with its eastern and western shores to exchange roles by means of deception and violence among themselves, until France, Italy and Britain were able to occupy the most important areas overlooking the Bab al-Mandab and all the shores of the Red Sea.

Although France controls the most important part of the western shore, what is known as French Somalia, currently Djibouti, it was planning to take full control of the Bab al-Mandab from the two banks, as one of its main motives for opening the Suez Canal, which greatly doubled its importance, was to tighten full control over it, but Britain was on the lookout and occupied the city of Aden unawares in 1839 and then followed by the occupation of the islands of Mayun, Socotra, etc. Fearing that France, which occupied the most important areas of its western shores, as before, as it strengthened its presence in Aden, which is of political, military and economic strategic importance, which was the target of all those colonial powers, by virtue of the importance it possesses as a key to the Bab al-Mandab Strait referred to clearly and with interest in the message of the Portuguese commander (Albuquerque) addressed to his king at the time, saying, "Aden should be seized and a castle should be established in it, as it has a port suitable to be a "refuge" anchorage for our ships in winter days, because Aden is not far away. Except for only three days from the Strait of Mandeb, I consider it the key to these straits."

This importance with the modernity of means and the modernization of goals and interests is what prompted Britain to occupy Aden from 1939 AD to 1967 AD, from which it expanded, from which it receded and left, which was the empire that does not set the sun, so it shrouded in Aden and was buried on the island on which the sun does not appear, according to the expression of the great Arab writer Muhammad Hassanein Heikal, do not forget the hatred of its heirs on Aden, which was a great love.

The strategic importance of Aden in this world is great since ancient times, doubling and increasing its importance with the progress of humanity and the discovery of new means of transport in general and the sea in particular, and if it is the first to double the importance of the Bab al-Mandab Strait, as we saw in the message of the Portuguese commander at a stage of its backwardness, it means that importance of the geographical location and the nature of the rare port suitable for docking ships with natural protection and insurance, it was visited more than one thousand five hundred years before it in a period of prosperity that The prosperity resulting from the exploitation of its important location from its people, the Roman sailor Metro Paul, who visited the shores of the Eritrean Sea or Osan Area, meaning the Red Sea and the shores of the Gulf of Aden in 29 AD, He called it the name of Arabia happy because he saw the prosperity of its architecture and port, which was exporting precious metals, perfumes and spices, which asked the saliva of pirates to spread on the lines of navigation in the seas, especially the Arabian Sea, that label Balsaida expanded to include all of the south of the Arabian Peninsula in particular, and Yemen in general after Aden, which we saw and touched and lived in happiness, even if it was short, hope for its return soon. God willing.

This requires noting here that the importance of Aden's strategic location, the nature of its port and the culture of its people doubled the importance of the Bab al-Mandab Strait, which the Suez Canal came to increase its importance and at the same time raised the pace of the colonial struggle for control of it.

The conflict over the gate of the Strait of Mandab during the Cold War:

The Bab al-Mandab Strait was of great importance during the First World War in the calculations of the warring powers despite its direct distance from the battlefields and its importance increased in World War II by virtue of the discovery of oil in the island region.

After World War II, the American presence began to intensify at the expense of the former colonial countries, specifically France and Britain, and until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Western American presence in the region was devoted to controlling the straits, especially the Straits of Bab al-Mandab and Hormuz, along with the Suez Canal.

In order to establish the feet of the American presence aimed at exploiting the wealth of the region, it was based on the factors of fear of the Soviet bear, which seeks to control the region, starting with its control of the light, spreading communism and then devouring the regimes in it and with it wealth, which made the rulers of the region in the rule of permanent response to the signals of engagement in the confrontation between the two camps against that existential communist threat by all means, foremost of which is acceptance, if not invitations, for the presence of bases and various military forms of America in particular and Western in a way General in the region.that presence that will be our next topic.

With regard to the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union in this direction (may God have mercy on him) was seeking for his part to reach warm waters, but on the wings of ideology and anti-colonialism, where some opportunities were first provided in Egypt and then Syria and headed south towards the Bab al-Mandab Strait from the side of its eastern bank by supporting the national regime in Aden shortly after independence, which was a little slow to declare its internationalist leftism, which he announced with the late sixties of the last century governed by principles National First, Under the slogan of a good internationalist is a good patriot, this is what made the Soviet desire to have military bases in Socotra and Mayon and its accompanying facilities in and around the city of Aden face categorical rejection by various party and government leaders since independence until collapse, with the acceptance of facilities for Soviet naval vessels in the ports of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, especially the port of Aden. And technical reconnaissance points and air reconnaissance and spy aircraft, led by the reconnaissance and spy aircraft Ilyushin / 18, which NATO called the ugly bird because of the many dents in its outer body are radars and whenever it is related to monitoring, eavesdropping, photography, communication, etc. It used to use Al-Anad Air Base, taking off in the morning and returning late at night (which raised many doubts about the reasons for this night delay) over the seas and oceans?!!

When the leftist Mengistu Haile Mariam regime was established in Ethiopia, the Soviets were able to establish naval bases in Assab and Massawa, and before that in Somalia, which did not continue until the collapse due to the changing situation in the two countries and their military conflict over the Ogaden region, which Somalia claims its right, which is under Ethiopian control and is still under Ethiopian control.

Bab al-Mandab in the Arab-Israeli conflicts:

Since the Bab al-Mandab Strait, as we have seen through our brief review of its importance, which reached the point that it is considered a crystal representative of the political situation in the Red Sea, and indeed in the entire region, in the words of the writer Mr. Eliwa, in his book The Red Sea on Israeli Strategy, whether in internal unrest or regional conflicts, including the Horn of Africa and Arab relations with Africa, and mainly related to the Arab-Israeli conflict at the time, which turned into a Palestinian-Israeli and then into an Israeli Hamas Gazan at the time, The current one, in its hottest form, is based on the Zionist policy of displacement, killing and destruction since the beginning of that conflict resulting from the cultivation of the Israeli entity in the heart of the Arab world in 1948.

With its impact on local, regional and international conflicts, the Bab al-Mandab Strait has a great impact on the service of Arab national security in general, and of the countries bordering it in particular, including Yemen in general and the south in particular.

Therefore, Israel has put in its strategy to deprive the Arabs of control over the Bab al-Mandab, starting with attempts at internationalization and obtaining the right of innocent and free passage, etc. To dismantle the Arab world as a unified national security unit, or at least a servant, while working day and night to implement its hegemonic strategy through:

1. Regional expansion, whether towards neighboring Arab countries.
2. Expansion of settlement in the occupied Palestinian territories.
3. Ensuring military superiority in conventional and nuclear weapons
4. Ensure the preservation of the Jewishness of the Israeli state.
5. Deepen its relations with the United States of America.
6. Preventing the establishment of an independent Palestinian state.
7. Intensifying its activities in Africa and throughout the world, including within the Arab world.

"As a reminder that in 1981 at a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, Israel was only on the side of the voice of the United States of America, to compare with its subsequent situation the great collapse that produced the end of the Cold War, and inaugurated a great stage of ascension on the wing of hope for peace and the two-state solution in the same place as the United Nations General Assembly, that hope that almost completely vanished until the ongoing October 7, 2023 war, entitled the wholesale Zionist killing of the Palestinian people and the execution of all means of life instead of displacement without displacement without Any consideration of international laws and conventions, and Israel's rigidity and its commission of genocide has made it enter a new cycle of decline in that international forum and among peoples.

Those principles that Israel has worked on and is working on as a life-or-death strategy can be disrupted a lot if it cannot control or dominate the Bab al-Mandab Strait, from which its strategy suffered negatively in the war of attrition with Egypt and Israel at the end of the sixties of the last century due to the independence of the south from the British occupation and the cooperation of the new regime with Egypt, to the extent that Yemeni beaches and ports are considered southern and northern Egyptian, this is what the two countries in Aden and Sana'a were able to provide a service to Arab national security, reinforcing this The role in the 1973 transit war was that the Egyptian naval forces, along with the southern and northern ones, were able to close the Bab al-Mandab Strait to Israeli navigation.

The Bab al-Mandab Strait has not lost that great strategic importance in the service of Arab national security, but it is the one who has lost as a lethal weapon those who use it even for narrower interests than anything that has gone before. This is what the politicians of the Transitional Council and all those concerned with the southern cause should pay attention to in order to avoid the negative effects and reap the positive effects from it in order to serve the southern cause in political and media dealings.

Current Foreign Military Presence in the Region:

We have already gone through the argument that the Bab al-Mandab Strait is key to controlling the Red Sea and influence over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.

It occupies this importance as a key to one of the most important regions in this world, the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, which is approached by African countries from the other side.

The Middle East, which has the world's largest reserves of oil and gas and constitutes a large consumer market for the products of the West and the East, from spoon to plane, from shot to missile, barge and plane.

It passes through Bab al-Mandab from 15-20% of global trade and its future, i.e. the region is doubling in importance internationally day after day militarily, security, political and economic, and unfortunately it comes out of it or manufactures in it, specifically from which major threats to regional and global security such as the Arab-Israeli conflict, piracy, terrorism and bloody internal and inter-regional conflicts (between its countries) such as Iraq, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Iran and most of the Gulf countries and their direct interference in the affairs of Arab countries Yemen, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq and their nuclear project, etc. At the same time and in the same place where the most important interests of the major countries and others are concentrated.

This is what made it attractive for the foreign military presence in its various forms, especially military bases, in the Horn of Africa alone approximately 19 military bases, in the Arabian Gulf region, in Iraq and the Levant countries approximately 9 bases, in addition to what in the North African region Libya and Tunisia nearly ten bases if the presence in Libya for the various parties is considered military bases according to some researchers, that is, where the interests of the world are concentrated, the unrest is also concentrated Security threats in the geographic neighborhood are the Middle East, the Horn of Africa and North Africa.

A question arises for those present, have you heard of something important for human life, which is stability, which is a major condition for development and human progress since you became aware of what is going on around you at some time in this region?! Try to remember?!!?.

In Djibouti alone, which is the borderline of our country and overlooking the Bab al-Mandab Strait, dozens of foreign military bases of this country and its rival are almost united, almost uniting the militarily conflicting world on its not large territory.

The most important foreign military bases in Djibouti:

1. 3 French rules which are the oldest.
2. 6 American rules.
3. Base for the European Union.
4. British base.
5. German base.
6. Spanish base.
7. Chinese base which is the latest.
8. Turkish base.

Rules in Somalia:

1. An American base returned to after the withdrawal with little force.
2. Turkish base.
3. An Emirati base turned into a civilian airport.
4. British quest to establish a base in Somaliland.

Eritrea:

1. Israeli base.
2. UAE base.
3. Iranian base.

Sudan:

1. Russian base under construction.

Gulf Region:

1. Kuwait... The largest number of U.S. bases in the Gulf and the largest U.S. military force.
2. Qatar is the largest U.S. base abroad and is Al Udeid base in addition to a Turkish base.
3. Bahrain... The headquarters of the US Fifth Fleet (Old Fleet) in Juffair, the American Shaikh Isa Air Base and a British base.
4. The UAE has three US, French and Australian bases, with a possible fourth for China.
5. Iraq has two American bases and Iranian bases with the Popular Mobilization Forces, with a large Turkish presence in northern Iraq.
6. Syria has two Russian naval and air bases, and an American, Turkish and French presence in the territories still in the hands of the opposition, in addition to the presence of Iran and Hezbollah militias.
7. Libya... There are ten Russian mercenary, Turkish and Arab bases.
8. Tunisia is a U.S. drone base.

Iranian attempts to control the Bab al-Mandab Strait:

Since ancient times, the Persian Empire sought to control the seas and straits of strategic importance in order to dominate the peoples of the region, and through its control over the important Arabian Gulf, the name of the Arabian Gulf was printed in the historical memory and geography globally to name the Arabian Gulf as the Persian Gulf as it is known to all, and in the modern era and with the motives of the Persian mentality, the empire sought to achieve its hegemony over the region at the time of the Shahnshah state by creating the major military power until it was called during the reign of Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi the American policeman The Western as an alternative to the direct Western colonial presence, this was represented by many forms and factors of domination, including the direct occupation of Arab islands, the most important of which are the Greater and Lesser Tunb Islands of the United Arab Emirates.

The era of the Shah ended in the late seventies of the last twentieth century, and those dreams of the Persian Empire did not end with the advent of the mullahs' regime, but brought what was worse and more dangerous, represented not only by adhering to the imperial inheritance of the Shahnshahi and consolidating the usurpation of the Arab islands, but also by exporting the revolution to the neighborhood, and beyond in this world, especially to Africa on the wing of Shiite proselytizing, exploiting the needs of its peoples mired in poverty and crises.

As for the region, we have gone through this above in a brief that does not prejudice the clarification, as it reached Tehran's controversial announcement of the control of the fourth capital of the Arab countries in 2014 by the usurpation of power in Sana'a by its arm, the Houthi militias.

This celebration was in the hope of tightening control over the Bab al-Mandab Strait, and reaching the shores of the Arabian Sea to enable it to strengthen and multiply its great influence in controlling the Strait of Hormuz, as steps of strategic dimensions on the road to restoring its Persian Empire dreams, that goal failed with violent southern resistance, unparalleled steadfastness and great sacrifices during the year 2015 with the help and assistance of the Arab coalition led by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, which cut off that Iranian arm, which must be well aware that It has re-developed strongly and has become more dangerous not only to the south and its cause, but also to the countries of the Arab region in general and oil in particular, led by Saudi Arabia, which lies directly in its side. The dangers of the threat are multiplied not only by the possession of dangerous means of threat, but also by virtue of their support for the mentality of the ignorant threatener, who is a blind docile tool of the mentality of the Persian imperial ambition coupled with the doctrine of divine right to sovereignty and control.

In short, it is the most serious threat to the southern cause, and even the most dangerous and largest bases in the region, along with its sisters in Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, as multi-use Iranian bases because of their characteristics that distinguish them greatly from foreign bases.

These are almost all foreign military bases, the most dangerous of which are local militias throughout the region. In addition to the United States of America, which was not satisfied with its military bases, weapons stockpiles and a previous presence in the region, but pushed in the past months until August of this year, that is, before the Al-Aqsa flood, a large naval force to the Red Sea, most of which moved to the eastern Mediterranean after the outbreak of the Al-Aqsa flood on the seventh of October 2023, to meet there not with the pre-existing naval force, but with the strongest and most modern American aircraft carriers that were pushed into the waters of the eastern Mediterranean following The outbreak of Operation Al-Aqsa Flood in Palestine in addition to the latest nuclear submarine to reach the region, is the largest U.S. naval military buildup outside the United States since World War II, and at the cost of being in East Asia, where the conflict was heating up.

The growing importance of the Bab al-Mandab Strait following the Al-Aqsa flood and the Israeli war of extermination against the Palestinian people:

Operation Al-Aqsa flood of the Palestinian resistance factions in Gaza not only added new to the new military science and art, but also added the new and most novelty to human history in general and the future of the world. The world after Gaza is no longer what it was before.

Perhaps the saying that capitalism is digging its grave has become achievable, starting with the emergence of savage capitalism that came after the great collapse, the collapse of the socialist camp, which was based on the rule of striking capitalism in its weakest links, contrary to the process of that prophecy and the rules of its fulfillment, followed during the Zionist war of genocide of the Palestinian people in Gaza, the burial of the principles of freedom, democracy and human rights in the graves of the capitalist system in this world.

This is confirmed:

  The awakening of the world's conscience in the backyard of those capitalist countries that support the genocide of the innocent population in Gaza and with it the West Bank.

.. The prevalence of poverty in those rich countries.

.. The awakening and renaissance of developing countries against the plundering of their wealth for the benefit of the rich capitalist countries and not for the benefit of their peoples in several African and other countries.

.. A global division that recalls the Cold War era in new ways, for example, the BRICS Group, in which many developing countries declared their independence from American and Western dependence, led by Arab countries, foremost among them Saudi Arabia and the Arab Republic of Egypt.

These potential variables with great realism globally will have the effects on the Middle East as a leading region in global change in two possibilities:

؟.. The first possibility is weak, if not a collapse, of the pro-Israel camp, which has been exposed internally and externally.

؟.. The second possibility in order to prolong the life of capitalist savagery is that its brute forces will be used internally and externally to impose its hegemony.

If this possibility is realized, the region will also witness two possibilities:

؟.. The first possibility is broad reconciliation between the Arab and Islamic countries and regimes of the region in order to achieve the interests of the peoples based on the principle that those who cannot protect themselves do not protect others.

؟.. The second possibility is that popular revolutions will rise within the peoples of the region with many motives, including the revolution of the hungry, the sense of humiliation and the necessities of restoring dignity, raising nationalist and Islamic slogans, taking advantage of long stages in which the single national or Islamic slogan that contradicted and brought the Arab and Islamic nation to what it is of backwardness failed.

These popular revolutions will not be against the existing regimes in all their forms, but will be with their participation, since the countries that support the Israeli aggression abandon the principles that they have worn for long periods have put them in embarrassment in front of their peoples, foremost of which are the armies and security services.

That war and its effects on the world and in the region, as we have seen and others, had a direct impact on the history and present of the international conflict over the Bab al-Mandab Strait, which has direct effects on the present and future of the southern cause.

This requires careful follow-up of all developments and variables and determining very accurately which of the most fortunate possibilities in verification and other possibilities between this and that, on top of that the luck of Iran and its militias in the region in general and in Yemen in particular from riding / seizing in another expression the Palestinian cause or failing it.

The issue cannot wait for the final results, but rather it needs to probe the potential variables with extreme caution and accuracy and to draw up appropriate policies and strategies to serve the cause.

Firstly, it does not require drifting in the international conflict, Russia and China on the one hand, and the Western Americans on the other, especially the war in Ukraine in the media, first, and secondly, not appearing lax in the face of the ongoing war of extermination in Gaza in the media and the masses, because the supporting party, I mean the Western American, knows that what it is doing is against its own masses.

The direct impact of the international conflict on the Bab al-Mandab Strait and its use in favor of the southern cause:

Since the southern issue, according to the definition of Dr. Aidarous Nasr Nasser, is (the issue of a people whose rights were confiscated, whose state was destroyed, whose sovereignty was violated, whose identity was erased, whose wealth was looted, whose culture was flattened, whose dreams were destroyed, whose history was falsified, and whose future was blocked by the doors of choice and prospects for development).

As for its beginning, just as many differed in its definition, many did not agree about its beginning, and I consider its beginning to launch the unjust 1994 war against the southern partner and the whole of the south.

The southern issue by this definition requires and requires the unity of the southern ranks, mobilizing energies for political and diplomatic work with the outside with the various factors affecting the issue, foremost of which is the international conflict over the Bab al-Mandab Strait, which was chosen with great care and accuracy as the topic for this symposium, the workshop with its importance on the present and future of the southern issue and even the region in general.

..It was sought to be resolved peacefully with the emergence of the peaceful Southern Movement as a continuation of the activity of organizations that preceded it as a wave and with them, specifically the Taj Organization, which was founded by a group in London headed by Dr. Abdullah Ahmed bin Ahmed until the Houthi invasion of the south in 2015, which was met with an unparalleled southern unity represented by military resistance that stunned friend and foe, in which great sacrifices were made.

Here, an important question arises, which is how we can invest the factor represented by the unity of the southern ranks at the time and restore it in the new circumstances with the appropriate ways and means in order to accomplish the final task.

First of all... This is what brings us to the fact that the defeat of these militias militarily not outside the borders of the south before 1990, but the southern resistance exceeded those borders by far, which made the south liberated from the occupation of militias and others, and the second task remained to restore the state with control of territories outside the borders of the southern state in 1990, which is considered as an important card for negotiation.

Secondly... We know that this international military presence in the region resulting from the conflict on the Bab al-Mandab Strait, there is no doubt that it was preceded in the countries of presence by diplomatic work and all these countries have their diplomatic representatives wherever they go in this world, this is what must be done in their midst from the door that the south is liberated and not occupied as we hear from some and even read in the documents and literature of the Transitional Council, this is what helps to understand with the diplomats of those countries and facilitates understanding of the issue and what is required of them in order to accomplish The second stage of the issue, which is the restoration of the state by peaceful means through political and diplomatic means, and not military means to expel the occupier who does not exist in the first place, I consider this one of the most important factors achieving the restoration of the state in the case of appropriate investment. The fact that the South is presented as an occupied country complicates the issue, as thinking goes to the means and means of liberation, which are the most difficult and complex.

Effective dealing with the areas controlled by the Houthi militias (including the areas liberated from it) with a strategic mentality that does not lack the means of sound tactics with an ideal reality of disintegration in the shadow of a war, which is not to help the enemy to unite its ranks with a sentence of two words, such as (the Yemeni occupation), which unites all its rival and warring parties, and this requires first consolidating alliances with the confrontational forces affected by the control of the Houthi militias, led by the forces of the Presidential Command Council, and working seriously with The issue of the middle including Tehama etc.

Thirdly... That international conflict over Bab al-Mandeb with its military presence as before did not come as a luxury, but because of its importance in serving the interests of the conflicting countries, despite its great cost at a time when we are on the outskirts of it and we have security, military and economic interests, this requires studying the interests of those countries and what they pay from the cost of each country separately, and developing a perception, even if it reaches its highest limits, about the role of the next southern state in securing those interests in exchange for military and economic security support.

Fourthly... Terrorism is considered one of the highest serious security threats, including to those countries fighting for influence in the region and control of the straits, so combating it is not the duty of the Transitional Council alone, the legitimate government, the next southern country, any single country or even a group of countries, as it is considered precisely an international mission, there is no doubt that Yemen and the south now and in the future are within that international coalition, which began to be activated regionally by establishing the Islamic Coalition to Combat Terrorism from 33 Arab countries. Under the leadership of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a regional leader and a rising country globally, the effective role played by the southern forces under the leadership of President Aidarous bin Qassim al-Zubaidi in combating terrorism is an important factor in the participation of the south as an effective member of that coalition as a testimony of reality and facts.

In order to prepare for full membership and its importance, it is necessary to work to link that task locally, regionally and internationally and not to be alone for several reasons and objectives, including working under and with regional and international systems, benefiting from the experiences of combating terrorism by international and regional alliances, bringing material, moral and media support, reducing material and human losses, shortening time, achieving field successes that support security and stability at home and contribute to the consolidation of regional and international security in a way that creates the appropriate climate for international recognition of the importance of restoring The southern state is from the security door added to the other aspects, as a price received through the preparation for the conclusion of counter-terrorism agreements by the Council and then by the next southern state with the support of those countries and others regionally and internationally.

Fourthly... Threatening to conclude security and defense agreements with countries with global influence in order to secure the interests of both parties and prudently. Without mentioning the analogy with the brotherly neighboring country bordering our country on one of the most important straits of the world, the State of Djibouti, whose choices we respect.

Fifthly... Follow-up on global changes following the Al-Aqsa flood operation, the Israeli war of extermination against the Palestinian people, the crude US-Western support and its recent relative decline, and the possibilities of its impact on the region in general and the southern issue in particular.

Sixthly... Follow up on the impact of the intervention of the Houthi militias, negatively and positively, internally, regionally and internationally, and its relationship to the southern issue.

For all this, it requires a special cell / group to follow up very carefully in the light of its conclusions and take media policies and decisions internally and externally.

Conclusion:

Approaching various issues, regardless of the level of their impact on the southern issue, whether internally or externally, through scientific research and strategic studies is the right path leading to success, provided that the outcomes of this symposium, the workshop, are not imprisoned in the shelves of libraries, offices, computer stocks, and others.

References:

1. Yemen and the Red Sea

Position and location.

Counselor Hussein Ali Al-Hubaishi.

Dar Al-Fikr Al-Mu'asir Beirut.

1. International conflict over the Red Sea

In the second half of the XIX century.

Amal Ibrahim Mohammed.

Yemeni Studies and Research Center Sana'a.

1. The importance of the Bab al-Mandab Strait in modern and contemporary history

Dr Qusai Hamed Habib

Yemeni Studies and Research Center.

1. Bab al-Mandab in Israeli strategy

Dr. Elsayed Aliwa.

Centre for Arab Studies London.

1. Ancient History of South Arabia

Part I 

Mohammed Abbas Naji Al, Dhalei

Aden Center for Research and Strategic Studies.

1. The strategic importance of the Bab al-Mandab Strait.

Colonel A. H. Abdullah Alinejad.

1. Net.
2. Events experienced by the researcher, Brigadier General / Ali Naji Obaid.